pcbjam/docs/asyncify-allocator-suspend/plan.md

> **STATUS (2026-08-14):** Part 1 (zero-duration nanosleep guard) landed as 94cac5e and was ported to the JSPI branch. Parts 2-3 (removelist instrumentation) are moot — the JSPI migration removed Asyncify instrumentation entirely.

<!-- STATUS: PLANNED, NOT EXECUTED (saved 2026-08-10). Verification findings herein are real
     (measured against the Aug 6 kicad_editor build, emsdk 4.0.2); the shim guard, the test,
     and the removelist additions have NOT been applied yet. -->

# Nanosleep shim zero-duration guard + mimalloc contention red/green test

## Context

The asyncify investigation established that **memory allocation can suspend on the main thread**: emscripten's vendored mimalloc uses `sleep(0)` as its spin-wait yield (`mi_atomic_yield` fallback — wasm32-emscripten matches no arch case in `include/mimalloc/atomic.h`), and `wasm/shims/nanosleep_yield.c` unconditionally converts main-thread `nanosleep` into an Asyncify event-loop yield. Under cross-thread delayed-free contention, malloc's slow path can unwind mid-allocation — a latent reentrancy hazard that also blocks the planned allocator removelist entries (~14K-function instrumentation win).

Adversarial verification (real kicad_editor binary + emsdk 4.0.2 sources) proved: the `sleep(0)` chain is the allocator's **only** suspend path; all four mimalloc spin sites sleep constant 0; mimalloc is the module's **only zero-duration sleeper** (all other nanosleep callers are ≥1 ms constants); `std::this_thread::yield`/`sched_yield` don't route through nanosleep. Hence an `ms == 0` early return in the shim severs the path completely and affects nothing else.

**This task:** (1) the zero-duration guard in the shim; (2) a standalone red/green C++ wasm test that exercises the mimalloc contention path and detects main-thread event-loop turns — RED before the fix, GREEN after; (3) add the verified-safe memory-touching entry families to `scripts/common/asyncify-removelist.txt` (user-proposed list, adversarially verified against the real module first).

Out of scope (explicit follow-ups): full kicad_editor rebuild + 3D e2e suite run with the new removelist (the new entries only take effect at the next app build's post-process anyway).

## Part 1 — shim fix

**File:** `pcbjam/wasm/shims/nanosleep_yield.c` (52 lines).

In `nanosleep()`: after computing `ms`, wrap the yield/sleep branch in `if (ms > 0.0)` — zero-duration requests return 0 immediately on both main thread and workers (a 0 ms blocking sleep is a no-op anyway; `sleep(0)` arrives as exactly `{0,0}` per musl, so the guard fires deterministically). Extend the header comment: mimalloc's `mi_atomic_yield` is `sleep(0)` (spin-politeness hint, must NOT become an event-loop yield mid-malloc); a zero-duration sleep never promised an event-loop turn; verified 2026-08-10 that mimalloc is the only zero-duration caller in the module.

Rebuild consequences: only binaries that link the shim — future KiCad app builds, `pthread-ondemand`, and the new test. Already-built `output/*.wasm` unchanged. (CI: touching `wasm/**` busts the testapps cache — expected.)

## Part 2 — the test

### App: `tests/apps/standalone/mimalloc-storm/mimalloc_storm_test.cpp`

Plain `int main()` app (non-wx — template: `standalone/coroutine-pthread/main_repro.cpp`), pthreads + asyncify + **`-sMALLOC=mimalloc`** (used nowhere in the test tree today) + the nanosleep shim.

**Storm** (turns the nanosecond `MI_DELAYED_FREEING` windows into a hit-rate game we control):
- Main thread allocates batches of small same-size blocks (64 B → pages fill fast → full pages enter delayed-free mode; ~200k blocks ≈ ~200 full pages/round).
- W worker `std::thread`s free the previous round's blocks in tight loops (every cross-thread free of a full page runs the two-CAS `DELAYED_FREEING` bracket).
- Main concurrently churns alloc/free in the same size class and calls `mi_collect(true)` each round (`extern "C" void mi_collect(bool)` — public API, headers not on include path; reaches `_mi_heap_delayed_free_all`, the spin site).
- Bounded by ITERATION counts (no wall-clock). Early-exit once ≥50 turns observed (keeps pre-fix RED runs fast); parameters tuned empirically at the red-validation step.

**Detector** (did main return to the event loop mid-storm?):
- `EM_ASM` arms a self-re-arming `setTimeout(0)` that increments `globalThis.__stormTurns`; a synchronous C++ storm can only let it run if an Asyncify unwind happened inside. Main checks the counter via `EM_ASM_INT` every k iterations.
- Phase 2 assertion (shim's load-bearing behavior unchanged): re-arm marker, `nanosleep(5 ms)` on main → the marker MUST have run (nonzero sleeps still yield).
- Console contract (repo idiom — `EM_ASM` console.log markers, self-terminating, documented in the file header):
  - `[MIMALLOC_STORM] START threads=W blocks=B rounds=R`
  - `[MIMALLOC_STORM] SUMMARY stormTurns=N sleepTurned=0|1 completed=1`

### Build rules: `tests/apps/Makefile.wasm`

- `LDFLAGS_MIMALLOC_STORM` modeled on `LDFLAGS_COROUTINE_PTHREAD_NOWX` (line ~875: EH_FLAGS, ALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH, ASYNCIFY=1 + stack size, DYNCALLS, -pthread, pool=`navigator.hardwareConcurrency`, STRICT=0, no wx) **plus `-sMALLOC=mimalloc`**.
- `.o` rule for the app; `nanosleep_yield.o` reuse per the `pthread-ondemand` pattern (`Makefile.wasm:681`, compiled `-c -pthread`); `.html` rule; `.PHONY: mimalloc-storm`; `all:` accumulation line.
- No `mallinfo_stub.c` (no OCC). No new suspending import (`env.__asyncjs__*` already in `scripts/common/asyncify-imports.txt`). Post-link asyncify (`apply-asyncify.sh --no-removelist`) + dyncall injection happen automatically via `build-wasm-test.sh`'s `find -newer` fan-out — no driver-script changes.

### Spec: `tests/e2e/mimalloc-storm.spec.ts`

- Placement in `tests/e2e/` → runs under the existing `wx-chromium` project; **zero playwright-config/CI edits** and passes `lint:ci-coverage`.
- Pattern copied from `tests/e2e/coroutine-pthread.spec.ts` (the non-wx precedent): `testLogger` fixture, best-effort `tryLoadApp(...).catch(() => {})` with the documented marker comment, then `expect.poll` for the `SUMMARY` line; parse it; assert `stormTurns === 0`, `sleepTurned === 1`, `completed === 1`, and no page errors (favicon-filtered).
- Determinism compliance: no `waitForTimeout`, no inline retries, bounded C++ iterations; the app always emits a terminal SUMMARY (self-capping), so the poll is bounded.

## Part 3 — asyncify-removelist additions (VERIFIED)

Adversarial verification against the real kicad_editor module is complete: **all proposed families SAFE**, conditional on the Part 1 shim guard shipping first. Add to `scripts/common/asyncify-removelist.txt` (exact patterns — see traps below):

```
# --- Memory-touching families (safe ONLY with the nanosleep zero-duration guard:
# --- mimalloc's mi_atomic_yield is sleep(0); with the guard, no allocation path suspends.
# --- Also conditional: no one registers mi_register_deferred_free/output/error hooks or a
# --- suspending std::new_handler (all unregistered as of 2026-08-10 audit).
std::__2::basic_string<*>*
std::__2::char_traits<*>*
std::__2::vector<*>*
std::__2::__tree*
std::__2::to_string*
std::__2::__itoa*
std::__2::__split_buffer<*>*
std::__2::__shared_ptr_emplace<*>*
std::__2::__shared_ptr_pointer<*>*
std::__2::__shared_count*
std::__2::__shared_weak_count*
std::__2::deque<*>*
std::__2::__hash_table<*>*
std::__2::map<*>*
std::__2::__list_imp<*>*
std::__2::allocator*
boost::uuids::*
operator new*
operator delete*
aligned_alloc
mi_*
_mi_*
sbrk
# Deliberately NOT std::__2::__function* — type-erased std::function invocation (operator())
# is how tool/dialog callbacks run; 111 __func::operator() bodies reach startModal/wxMilliSleep
# directly (e.g. ShowPreferences, file dialogs), so __function frames must stay instrumented.
# Container entries above are still safe: containers only touch callables via their
# clone/destroy lifecycle ops, none of which reach a suspend (verified 2026-08-10).
```

**Authoring traps (verified the hard way):**
- **Bracket balance:** Binaryen's list parser tracks `<>()[]{}` nesting — an unbalanced pattern like `std::__2::basic_string<*` **aborts the whole asyncify pass** (`Fatal: failed to parse lists`). Template patterns must close the bracket: `basic_string<*>*`.
- **Breadth anchoring:** bare `basic_string*` sweeps in `basic_string_view`/`basic_stringbuf`/`basic_stringstream` (31 extra names); the `<`-anchored form excludes them. `__tree*` deliberately includes `__tree_node_base`/iterators (verified). Bare `vector*`/`char_traits*` (no namespace) are wrong forms.

**Key evidence:** zero direct suspend paths post-guard in every family; `__tree` comparators are monomorphized (no `call_indirect` in e.g. `__find_equal` with `std::less`); container-of-`std::function` ops (e.g. TOOL_MANAGER's `deque<function<void()>>::push_back`) only touch the functor's clone/move/destroy lifecycle slot — of 12,880 `__function` lifecycle ops in the module, zero reach a suspend; all 111 suspend-reaching `__function` members are `operator()` invocation bodies (the excluded family). `boost::uuids` (KIID) seeds `mt19937` once via synchronous `getentropy` (wasi import, not asyncify-relevant).

**Measured payoff** (single-threaded verbose runs, real hoisted module):

| Run | Removelist | Instrumented | Module size |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | current file | 80,871 (74%) | 253 MB |
| B | + allocator family | 66,499 (60%) | 218 MB |
| **C** | **+ all families above** | **60,047 (55%)** | **204 MB** |

Run C is a strict subset of B (sanity: zero additions); only non-matching warnings are the 5 pre-existing OCC entries (expected — OCC absent from this app). Audit validity: this binary / emsdk 4.0.2; re-run on emsdk bump or libc++ ABI-namespace change (artifacts in `$W`: `analysis.pkl`, `logC.txt`, `runC.wasm`).

## Part 4 — execution sequence

1. **Build the test against the UNPATCHED shim**: `./scripts/build-wasm-test.sh mimalloc-storm` (targeted — the default `all` target is currently broken by pre-existing working-tree deletions, see caveat). Run the spec: `cd tests && npx playwright test --project=wx-chromium e2e/mimalloc-storm.spec.ts`. Expect the spec to FAIL with `stormTurns > 0` — that failure IS the red validation (proves the storm reaches the mimalloc yield). Record the observed turn count; tune B/R/W if turns are marginal (<~10).
2. **Apply the shim fix** (Part 1), rebuild the same target (make tracks the shim as an explicit prerequisite), re-run the spec → GREEN: `stormTurns === 0`, storm completes (no-deadlock proof), `sleepTurned === 1`.
3. `cd tests && npm run lint:determinism` (spec must pass the linter).
4. **Removelist update:** add the verified entries to `scripts/common/asyncify-removelist.txt` with a documented block: the guard dependency (entries safe ONLY with the zero-duration nanosleep guard), the dormant-slot condition (deferred-free/new_handler/output hooks unregistered), and the `std::__2::__function*` exclusion rationale. Sanity-check the new list against the scratch module: one `wasm-opt --asyncify` run on `$W/hoisted.wasm` with the updated file confirms the expected instrumented-function count and that no entry matches zero functions unexpectedly.
5. Stop before committing — present the diff; commit on main via the user's `/git-feature-commit` flow on request (trunk-based repo).

## Caveats found during exploration

- **Pre-existing working-tree deletions** (not ours; do not touch): `tests/apps/standalone/asyncify-races/races_test.cpp`, `tests/asyncify/asyncify-races.spec.ts`, `tests/web/eeschema-fp-selector.spec.ts` are tracked but deleted, which breaks `Makefile.wasm`'s `all` target and full `npm run test:e2e`. We build only our target and run only our spec; flag the state to the user at the end.
- `build-wasm-test.sh` requires `build-wasm/wxwidgets/wx-config` (wx libs built) and stubs the emsdk in-link asyncify — the emsdk lives at `tools/emsdk/` (installed via `scripts/setup-emsdk.sh` if absent).
- Reference precedents: `races_test.cpp` (via `git show HEAD:...`) for Asyncify-state probing from C++ if the setTimeout detector needs corroboration; `pthread_ondemand_test.cpp` for the watchdog/marker idiom.

## Verification summary

- RED observed pre-fix (spec fails on `stormTurns > 0`), GREEN post-fix on identical parameters — the core deliverable.
- GREEN also proves: spin completes without the yield (no deadlock), 5 ms sleep still turns the event loop (worker-boot behavior preserved).
- `lint:determinism` clean.
- Removelist sanity run on `$W/hoisted.wasm` reproduces run C's numbers (60,047 instrumented / 204 MB pre-O1) with no unexpected non-matching-pattern warnings.
- Follow-ups NOT here: full editor rebuild + 3D e2e suite with the new removelist (entries take effect at the next app build's host post-process).