cad-editor/docs/tessellation.md

Entity tessellation paths

How each acadrust EntityType becomes drawable geometry in OpenCADStudio.

There are three ways an entity gets there, and they must not be conflated:

1. Kernel B-rep mesh — the ACIS document is lifted into a cadkernel Body and each face triangulated in its own surface's parameter space. The only path that produces filled mesh triangles from analytic surfaces.
2. Curve-sampled — the entity's geometry is read through entities::curve::entity_curve, which is where each type's curve is defined once, and tessellated to a chord tolerance. Output is a polyline; no surface is involved.
3. Direct — points, segments or triangles emitted straight from the entity's own fields.

The distinction between (2) and (3) is worth keeping because (2) is a single definition shared with everything else that needs an entity's geometry — snap candidates, EXTRUDE and REVOLVE profiles, hatch boundaries, clip outlines. A circle drawn on screen and a circle handed to the Model tab come from the same place and cannot disagree.

Entry points: src/scene/convert/tess.rs (tessellate_entity, the per-entity dispatcher) → src/scene/convert/tessellate.rs (tessellate, the RenderObject router), src/entities/curve.rs (curve definitions and sampling) and src/scene/convert/curve_tol.rs (the per-frame chord tolerance).

Summary

Path	Entities
Kernel B-rep mesh (lift → per-face triangulation, with a direct per-surface fallback)	Solid3D, Region, Body, Surface
Curve-sampled (entity_curve → chord-tolerance tessellation)	Line, Arc, Circle, Ellipse, Spline, LwPolyline, Polyline, Polyline2D, Polyline3D — non-thick variants only
Direct (segments/triangles emitted straight)	everything else

The Model/Design-tab primitives (BOX, SPHERE, CYLINDER, CONE, WEDGE, TORUS, PYRAMID, EXTRUDE, REVOLVE) are true kernel B-reps too, cached on the Scene as Body and meshed the same way — but they are created as Solid3D placeholders carrying that body, not as their own EntityType. SWEEP and LOFT produce a mesh only, with no B-rep behind it.

ACIS solids dispatch through solid3d_tess::tessellate_acis, which lifts the document into the kernel first (acis_kernel::tessellate_sat) and falls back to a bespoke per-surface LOD sampler (tessellate_sat_lods) when the kernel cannot express a face — so their path is kernel-with-direct-fallback. The fallback is not silent: a mesh whose faces did not all lift is marked incomplete, because one missing wall looks exactly like a finished solid.

Curved-surface tessellation density is radius-relative (CURVE_REL_TOL, a fraction of the surface radius) so a cylinder's facet count matches the circle/arc wire tessellation instead of exploding on large radii.

Full table

Entity	Output	Path	Notes
Arc	wire	curve-sampled	non-thick: sampled from the arc's own curve; thick: direct Lines plus the swept wall
AttributeDefinition	wire	direct	routes through the Text/MText LFF glyph stroke pipeline
AttributeEntity	wire	direct	same as AttributeDefinition; values supplied per Insert
Block	none	n/a	block-definition sentinel; not tessellated (referenced via Insert)
BlockEnd	none	n/a	block-definition end marker; no output
Body	mesh	kernel-with-direct-fallback	3D ACIS body lifted into a kernel Body; fallback per-surface sampler
Circle	wire	curve-sampled	non-thick: sampled from the circle's own curve; thick: direct Lines
Dimension	wire	direct	baked-block path recurses on D### sub-entities; synthesis path emits lines/arrows/LFF text
Ellipse	wire	curve-sampled	sampled from the ellipse's own curve
Face3D	both	direct	edge Lines + direct fan-triangulated fill_tris; no B-rep
Hatch	both	direct	boundary outline not emitted to the wire set (#131 OOM); fill rasterized on GPU
Insert	wire	direct	expands block children and tessellates each via its own path; XCLIP filter applied
Leader	wire	direct	leader path + arrowhead + landing, direct Lines
Line	wire	curve-sampled	non-thick: its two ends; thick: direct Lines plus the swept wall
LwPolyline	wire	curve-sampled	plinegen true: sampled from its own curve, bulges kept as arcs; else direct SegmentedLines
Mesh	both	direct	SubD mesh: edge Lines + direct fan-triangulated fill_tris
MLine	wire	direct	spine + offset lines + caps, direct Lines
MText	wire	direct	wrap-aware multi-line LFF glyph layout; inline formatting codes
MultiLeader	wire	direct	leader + landing + LFF text + frame + fill
Ole2Frame	wire	direct	bounding rectangle + diagonal cross
Point	wire	direct	a position → dot or cross marker sized by PDSIZE
PolyfaceMesh	both	direct	face list: closed-polyline edges + direct fan-triangulated fill_tris
PolygonMesh	both	direct	M×N grid wireframe + direct fan-triangulated fill_tris
Polyline	wire	curve-sampled	heavy 3D polyline; sampled from its own curve, bulges kept as arcs
Polyline2D	wire	curve-sampled	2D polyline with bulge; sampled from its own curve
Polyline3D	wire	curve-sampled	straight edges, no bulge or thickness
RasterImage	wire	direct	boundary rectangle / clipping polygon
Ray	wire	direct	two-point [base, base + dir×1e6], no sampling
Region	mesh	kernel-with-direct-fallback	2D planar ACIS body; same kernel path as Solid3D
Seqend	none	n/a	vertex-sequence terminator sentinel; no output
Shape	wire	direct	small diamond marker at the insertion point
Solid	wire	direct	2D SOLID: four quad edges as direct Lines
Solid3D	mesh	kernel-with-direct-fallback	3DSOLID: parse SAT/SAB → lift into a kernel Body; fallback sampler
Spline	wire	curve-sampled	NURBS sampled through the kernel's space curve, refined where it bends
Table	both	direct	cell fills (fill_tris) + LFF cell text + grid lines
Text	wire	direct	LFF-font stroked glyph polylines
Tolerance	wire	direct	feature-control frame grid + per-cell LFF symbols
Underlay	wire	direct	boundary rectangle of the PDF/DWF reference
Unknown	none	n/a	unrecognized-entity sentinel; no output
Viewport	wire	direct	content-viewport frame rectangle (sheet viewport skipped)
Wipeout	wire	direct	boundary rectangle / clipping polygon
XLine	wire	direct	three-point infinite line, no sampling